The concept of absent popular culture and its application to the Chilean case from a historical perspective
Abstract
Re-elaborating the categories of representation of the popular in Sunkel (1985), the concept of absent popular culture is proposed, whose foundation arises from the articulation of 3 theoretical matrices: Latin American comunicology of social change, cultural studies and decolonial thinking. The hypothesis is that the illustrated rational matrix was introduced into urban Latin American popular culture during the nineteenth century and its gradual institutionalization as a worker culture generated a process of internal divergence of the popular in the process of modernization, where popular culture -that were not massive or worker- was politically invisible. The well-founded identification of 12 expressions of popular culture absent in Chile from the beginning of the nineteenth century onwards allows us to conclude that there is a third way of existence of urban popular culture in the Latin American context, with an internal consistency despite historical transformations, whose discourses and representations should be analyzed thoroughly.Keywords:
historia, Chile, cultura popular, modernidad, comunicación popularReferences
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Taylor, D. (2006). “Performance and/as History”. TDR 50(1), pp. 67-86.
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Tijoux, E., Facuse, M. & Urrutia, M. (2012). “Hip hop: Popular art of daily life or tacit resistance to marginalization?”. Polis 11 (33), pp. 429-449.
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Williams, R. (1980). Marxism and Literature. Barcelona: Península.
Yáñez, C. (2012). “Continuities in the political content of popular poetry in Chile: A preliminary analysis”. RIF 10 (21), pp. 31-48.
Zapiola. J. (1974). Thirty years of memories: 1810-1840. Santiago: Zig Zag.
Alabarces, P. (2016). “Post-popular Cultures in Post-populist Times: The Return of Pop Culture in Latin American Social Sciences”, en E. González Castillo, Jorge Pantaleón y Nuria Carton de Grammont (orgs.), Politics, Culture and Economy in Popular Practices in the Americas, New York: Peter Lang, pp. 13-32.
Alegría, C. (2008). Party’s over!: Regulation during the colonial crisis period. Santiago (1800-1840). Tesis de grado. Licenciatura en Historia. Universidad de Chile
Araos, J. (2015). From voice to paper. Producion and diffusion of popular printed poetry in Santiago. 1890-1910. Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Historia. Santiago: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
Beltrán, L. R. (1979). “Farewell to Aristotle: 'horizontal communication'”. International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems, 48. París: UNESCO.
Beltrán, L. R. (2008). “Communication and democratic development in Latin America: memory of an unrelinquishable pipe-dream”. En J. M. García de Madariaga, J. C. Calvi, F. Tucho Fernández & M. Meda (Eds.), Políticas de comunicación en España y Latinoamérica: medios convencionales, tercer sector audiovisual y alfabetización digital (pp. 23-56). Madrid: Dykinson.
Contreras, M.J. (2013): “Dialogues on body, music and culture”. Resonancias 32, pp. 15-46.
Devés, E. (1992). “Chilean illustrated worker culture and some ideas in regards to the meaning of our historiographic task”. Mapocho 30, pp. 127–136.
Díaz-Bordenave, J. (1976). “Communication of Agricultural Innovations in Latin America: The Need for New Models”, Communication Research 3, 2. p. 135–154.
Donoso, K. (2006). The battle of folklore: The conflicts for the representation of popular Chilean culture in the 20th century. Tesis de grado. Licenciatura en Historia. Universidad de Santiago.
Ducci, G. P. (2012). Circus years: History of circus activity in Chile. Barcelona: Circus Arts Foundation.
Erlandson, D., Harris, E., Skipper, B. & Allen, S. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: A guide to methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Freire, P. (1970). Education of the oppressed. Montevideo: Tierra Nueva.
Hall, S. (1984). “Notes on the deconstruction of 'the popular'”. En R. Samuel (ed.), Historia popular y teoría socialista (pp. 93 - 110). Barcelona: Crítica.
Illanes, M.A. (1990). “Whippings, salary and law. Disciplining the mining workforce of the Atacama (1817-1850)”. Proposiciones n° 19, pp. 90 – 122.
Iturriaga, J. (2011). “The disruptive and subversive film. The social challenge of the cinema in Chile, 1907 – 1930”. Ponencia presentada al Primer Encuentro de Investigación sobre Cine Chileno. Centro Cultural Palacio de la Moneda, 21 y 23 de junio. Mimeo.
Lenz, R. (2003). On printed popular poetry of Santiago, Chile, contribution to Chilean folklore. Santiago: Centro Cultural de España y Archivo de Literatura Oral de la Biblioteca Nacional de Chile.
Martín-Barbero, J. (1987). From the Media to las Mediaciones. Communication, Culture and Hegemony. México, D.F.: Ediciones G. Gill.
Martín-Barbero, J. (2003). Profession of Cartography. Latin American journeys of communication in culture. México, FCE.
Mignolo, W. (2010). Epistemic Disobedience. Rhetoric of modernity, logic of coloniality and grammar of the decoloniality. Buenos Aires: Signo.
Navarrete, M. (1998). Although I am not literary: Rosa Araneda on Popular Poetry of the 19th Century. Santiago: Colección Archivo de Literatura Oral y Tradiciones Populares-DIBAM.
Navarrete, M. & Cornejo, T. (2006). For history and trickery. The Popular Lira of the poet Juan Bautista Peralta. Santiago: Centro de Investigaciones Diego Barros Arana-DIBAM.
Navarrete, M. and D. Palma (2008): The devils are the mortals. The work of the popular poet Daniel Meneses. Pp. 51-71. Santiago of Chile: Ediciones de la Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos.
Pereira, E. (1941). The origins of musical art in Chile. Santiago: Universitaria.
Pinto, J. (2000). “Of projects and alienation: Latin American society facing the experience of modernity (1780-1914)”. Ponencia presentada al 19 Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Históricas. Universidad de Oslo, 6-13 agosto. Mimeo.
Pinto, J. & Valdivia, V. (2009). All Chilean? The social construction of the nation (1810 – 1840). Santiago: LOM Ediciones.
Purcell, F. (2000). Popular entertainment and games, Forms of sociability and social critique. Colchagua 1850-1880. Santiago de Chile: DIBAM.
Romero, L.A. (1990). “Popular urban sectors as historic subjects”. Proposiciones, 19. Pgs. 268 – 278.
Rustom, C. (2018): Self-representation as a form of resistance. The role of the satirical press in the construction of a popular Chilean identity. The case of the newspaper El Ají (1889-1893). Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Pensamiento Contemporáneo. Universidad Diego Portales.
Salazar, G. (2003). Free markets. Residual space of citizen sovereignty. Santiago: LOM Ediciones.
Salinas, M. (2006). “Food, music and humor. The overflowing popular life”. En C. Gazmuri y R. Sagredo (Ed.). Historia de la Vida Privada en Chile. El Chile moderno 1840 – 1925 (pp. 85-117). Santiago, Taurus.
Salinas, M., Prudant, E. Cornejo, T. Saldaña, C. (2007). Let my soul live it up! Popular life in Santiago, Chile 1870-1910. Santiago: LOM Ediciones.
Salinas, M. & Navarrete, M. (2012). To love who I want. Female written songs of the Chilean oral chilena tradition collected by Rodolfo Lenz. Santiago: Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos (DIBAM)
Sepúlveda, F. (2009). El canto a lo poeta, a lo divino y a lo humano: aesthetic anthropological analysis and fundamental anthology. Santiago: Universidad Católica de Chile - Centro de Investigaciones Diego Barros Arana de la Dirección de Bibliotecas Archivos y Museos.
Scott, J. (2003). The dominated and the art of the resistance. Navarra: Txalaparta.
Sousa-Santos, B. de (2005). The orphan millennium. Essays for a new political culture. Madrid: Trotta.
Sunkel, G. (1984). Reason and Passion in popular press. Santiago: ILET.
Taylor, D. (2003). The archive and the repertoire: performing cultural memory in the Americas. Durham: Duke University Press.
Taylor, D. (2006). “Performance and/as History”. TDR 50(1), pp. 67-86.
Thompson, E.P. (2012[1963]). The formation of the working class in England. Madrid: Capitán Swing.
Tijoux, E., Facuse, M. & Urrutia, M. (2012). “Hip hop: Popular art of daily life or tacit resistance to marginalization?”. Polis 11 (33), pp. 429-449.
Tironi, E. (1987). “Marginality, social movements and democracy”. Proposiciones 14, pp. 9 – 23.
Torres, R. (2008). “Full on Zamacueca. Popular music, public show and republican order in Chile (1820-1860)”. Revista Musical Chilena LXII (209), pp. 5-27.
Uribe, J. (1974). Flor de Canto a lo Humano. Santiago: Editorial Gabriela Mistral.
Vitale, L. (2001): Chile. En D. Jones (Ed.): Censorship: An Encyclopedia (pp. 464 – 476). Londres: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
Williams, R. (1980). Marxism and Literature. Barcelona: Península.
Yáñez, C. (2012). “Continuities in the political content of popular poetry in Chile: A preliminary analysis”. RIF 10 (21), pp. 31-48.
Zapiola. J. (1974). Thirty years of memories: 1810-1840. Santiago: Zig Zag.
